Extreem intens – Noten

MOTTO

9 Drie vonken: The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Inferno, trans. Allen Mandelbaum (New York: Bantam Dell, 2004).

9 Als de dierentuin: wint, Twitter post, 22 mei 2012, twitter.com/dril/status/205052027259195393. 

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INTRODUCTIE

15 slappe handpop: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 27 januari 2022., twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1486767109275328516.

16 de engineer, Yang: Op zijn verzoek gebruik ik alleen zijn voornaam.

16 ‘Dit is een strijd’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 28 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1597405399040217088.

17 Adverteerders waren van het platform gevlucht: Alexander Saeedy, Laura Cooper, and Alexa Corse, “Twitter’s Revenue, Adjusted Earnings Fell About 40% in Month of De­cember,” The Wall Street Journal, 3 maart 2023.

18 ‘waarom in godsnaam’: kenny, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/kenminkim/status/1625220231768707072.

18 ‘Mijn “Voor Jou” pagina’: Tay, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/TayInLA_/status/1625264934170009601.

18 ‘Is Twitter letterlijk gewoon’: John Sills, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/johnjsills/status/1625219474147184640.

18 Time had Elon Musk uitgeroepen tot Persoon van het Jaar: Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, and Alejandro de la Garza, “2021 Person of the Year: Elon Musk,” Time, December 13, 2021, time.com/person‑of‑the-year-2021-elon-musk/.

18 Musk had onlangs zijn 62.8 miljoen Twitter volgers gevraagd: Walter Isaacson, Elon Musk (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023).

18 57,9 procent stemde voor: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 6 november 2021., twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1457064697782489088.

19 de deal werd in oktober 2022 definitief: William Cohan, “Twitter’s Debt Time Bomb & Linda Alarms,” Puck, 1 oktober 2023, puck.news/twitters-debt-time-bomb-linda- alarms/.

19 hij betaalde 19 miljard dollar te veel: Will Daniel, “Elon Musk’s $44 Billion Twitter Purchase Is ‘One of the Most Overpaid Tech Acquisitions in History,’ Wed­bush’s Dan Ives Says. Twitter’s Fair Value Is Only $25 Billion,” Fortune, 27 oktober 2022, https://fortune.com/2022/10/27/elon-musk-twitter-purchase-most-overpaid-tech-history-dan-ives-wedbush/.

19 ‘Hij is de Henry Ford van onze tijd,’: Ron Lampeas, “ADL Chief Favorably Compares Elon Musk to Antisemite Henry Ford, Then Thinks Again,” The Times of Israel, 8 oktober 2022, https://www.timesofisrael.com/adl-chief-favorably-compares-elon-musk-to-antisemite-henry-ford-then-backtracks/.

19 ‘Vanaf nu zullen we, om een baanbrekend Twitter 2.0 te bouwen’: Tom Warren, “Elon Musk De­mands Twitter Employees Commit to ‘Extremely Hardcore’ Culture or Leave,” The Verge, 16 november 2022, https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/16/23462026/elon-musk-twitter-email-hardcore-or-severance.

19 ‘Alles wat “anti-meritocratisch” was’: Ellise Shafer and McKinley Franklin, “Elon Musk Talks Twitter, Censorship and the ‘Woke Mind Virus’ on ‘Real Time With Bill Maher,’ ”Variety, 28 april 2023, https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/elon-musk-bill-maher-twitter-censorship-1235584679/.

19 ‘de streamingdienst zou er niet om aan te zien van geworden zijn’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 19 april 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1516600269899026432.

20 ‘Ik denk dat de tijden’: David Marcus, Twitter post, 16 november 2022, twitter.com/davidmarcus/status/1592970137732538369.

20 Later gaf Zuckerberg toe: Steve Mollman, “Mark Zuckerberg Credits Elon Musk with Kicking Off the Tech Trend of Firing Middle Managers When Other CEOs Were ‘a Little Shy,’ ” Fortune, 9 juni 2023, https://fortune.com/2023/06/09/mark-zuckerberg-elon-musk-twitter-meta-layoffs-middle-managers/.

20 ‘Kijken naar @elonmusk + Co’: John Herrman, “Why Elon Wants to Make Them Pay,” New York, 4 november 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/11/why-elon-musk-wants-to-make-twitter-users-pay.html.

20 Zes maanden na de deal: Alex Hern, “Twitter’s Value Down Two- Thirds Since Musk Takeover,” The Guardian, 31 mei 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/may/31/twitters-value-down-two-thirds-since-musk-takeover-says-investor.

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DEEL I: DE VOGELAPP

25 ‘Negeer eerdere tweets alsjeblieft’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 4 juni 2010, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/15434727182. 

25 Zijn vader, Errol Musk: Ashlee Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future (New York: Ecco, 2017), 62. 

26 ‘nu heb ik een miljoenenauto’: “Watch a Young Elon Musk Get His First Supercar in 1999,” CNN Vault, https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/01/07/elon-musk-gets-his-mclaren-supercar-1999-vault-orig.cnn. 

26 ‘“Kijk maar,” antwoordde Musk’: “PandoMonthly: Fireside Chat with Elon Musk,” PandoDaily, 17 juli 2012, YouTube, youtube.com/watch?v=uegOUmgKB4E. 

26 gedeeltelijk georkestreerd door Thiel: Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future. 

28 Tesla’s oorspronkelijke oprichters, Martin Eberhard: Jay Yarow, “Tesla Settles Lawsuit— Everyone Is a Founder,” Business Insider, 21 september 2009, https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-founders-end-bitter-legal-fight-2009-9?international=true&r=US&IR=T. 

28 In verschillende rapporten: Form 8‑K, Tesla Motors, Inc., United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 5 november 2013, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000119312513427630/d622890d8k.htm. 

29 Voor een man met een vermogen van 19,9 miljard dollar: Profile, Elon Musk, Forbes, 27 september 2023, forbes.com/profile/elon-musk/?sh= 5a741dc77999. 

29 met meer dan honderdvijftigduizend individuele aandeelhouders: Richard, Henderson, “Elon Musk Pits an Army of Tesla Fans Against Wall Street Analysts, Short Sellers,” Los Angeles Times, 11 februari 2020, https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-02-11/musk-tesla-fans. 

29 een leger van Elon Musk-fans: “Matt Levine on Elon Musk: Chief Twit & ‘Meme Lord,’ ” On with Kara Swisher, Spotify, oktober 2022, https://open.spotify.com/episode/0W0GzlE4j8iHBEdNo5HAKH. 

30 ‘Ik vermoed dat de Thaise regering’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 4 juli 2018, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1014509856777293825. 

30 ‘Bouw voltooid in ongeveer 8 uur’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 7 juli 2018, 2:39 p.m., twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1015666557458964480. 

30 ‘om complimenteuze publieke verklaringen te geven’: Lora Kolodny, “Elon Musk Pressured Thai Officials to Say Nice Things About His Mini- Subs in the Midst of a Deadly Rescue Mission,” CNBC, 8 oktober 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/08/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-pressured-thai-officials-for-positive-pr.html. 

30 ‘We zullen een van de mini-onderzeeërs’: Li Zhou, “Elon Musk and the Thai Cave Rescue: A Tale of Good Intentions and Bad Tweets,” Vox, 8 juli 2018, https://www.vox.com/2018/7/18/17576302/elon-musk-thai-cave-rescue-submarine. 

30 “Ik wed je om een gesigneerde dollar”: Alix Langone, “Elon Musk Calls a Diver That Rescued Thai Soccer Team a ‘Pedo’ on Twitter,” Time, 15 juli 2018, https://time.com/5339219/%20elon-musk-diver-thai-%20soccer-team-pedo/. 

30 “Ik bedelde ook niet letterlijk’: Sara Randazzo and Tim Higgins “Elon Musk Takes the Stand in Lawsuit Accusing Him of Defamation Over ‘Pedo’ Tweet,” The Wall Street Journal, 3 december 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-takes-the-stand-in-lawsuit-accusing-him-of-defamation-over-pedo-tweet-11575417397. 

30 Unsworths advocaat in de zaak: Anjali Huynh, “L. Lin Wood, Lawyer Who Tried to Overturn Trump’s 2020 Loss, Gives Up License,” The New York Times, 6 juli 2023. 

31 permanent van Twitter werd verbannen: Jack Brewster, “Lin Wood— Lawyer Closely Tied to Trump— Permanently Banned from Twitter After Claiming Capitol Siege Was ‘Staged,’ ” Business and Human Rights Resource Center, 7 januari 2021, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/lin-woodlawyer-closely-tied-to-trumppermanently-banned-from-twitter-after-claiming-capitol-siege-was-staged/. 

31 ‘Overweeg om Tesla’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 7 augustus 2018, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1026872652290379776. 

31 dat hij de SEC niet respecteerde: Lesley Stahl, “Tesla CEO Elon Musk: The 60 Minutes Interview,” CBS News, 9 december 2018, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-the-2018-60-minutes-interview/. 

31 ‘de coronaviruspaniek’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 6 maart 2020, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1236029449042198528. 

31 deelde transfobe overtuigingen (“Pronouns suck”): Elon Musk, Twitter post, 24 juli 2020, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1286869404874088448. 

32 ‘Minstens 50 procent’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 22 november 2021, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1462652210739884035. 

33 ‘Twitter Heerst Op SXSW’: Michael Calore, Wired, 9 maart 2007, https://www.wired.com/2007/03/twitter-is-ruling-sxsw/. 

34 ‘Helikopter zweeft boven’: Mike Butcher, “Here’s the Guy Who Unwittingly Live- Tweeted the Raid on Bin Laden,” TechCrunch, 2 mei 2011, https://techcrunch.com/2011/05/02/heres-the-guy-who-unwittingly-live-tweeted-the-raid-on-bin-laden-2/. 

35 concludeerde een studie van Amnesty International: Press release, “Crowdsourced Twitter Study Reveals Shocking Scale of Online Abuse Against Women,” Amnesty International, 18 december 2018, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2018/12/crowdsourced-twitter-study-reveals-shocking-scale-of-online-abuse-against-women/. 

35 zei CEO Bob Iger: Peter Kafka, “Why Disney Didn’t Buy Twitter,” Vox, 7 september 2022, https://www.vox.com/recode/2022/9/7/23339402/bob-iger-disney-streaming-code. 

36 ‘We hebben misbruik gezien’: Jack Dorsey, “How Twitter Needs to Change,” TED2019, april 2019, https://www.ted.com/talks/jack_dorsey_how_twitter_needs_to_change. 

37 verwierf activistische investeerder Elliott Management een belang van 5 procent: Lauren Feiner and Alex Sherman, “Twitter CEO Dorsey Keeps His Job After Company Strikes Investment Deal with Elliott Management, Silver Lake CNBC, March 9, 2020, https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/09/twitter-strikes-investment-deal-with-elliott-management-silver-lake-after-attempt-to-oust-ceo-jack-dorsey.html.

37 Twitter-medewerkers schaarden zich: Ryan Mac, “Twitter Employees Show Support for Embattled CEO with #WeBackJack Hashtag,” BuzzFeed News, 2 maart 2020, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanmac/webackjack-jack-dorsey-employee-support-elliott-activist. 

38 ‘Ik herinner me dat ik vroeg’: Casey Newton, “Going Down with the Censorships,” This American Life, 31 april 2023, https://www.thisamericanlife.org/797/transcript. 

38 voor Roth was het een bevredigende puzzel: Newton, “Going Down with the Censorships,” https://www.thisamericanlife.org/797/transcript. 

39 “feiten over stemmen per post”: Donald J. Trump, Twitter post, 11 april 2020, twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1249132374547464193. 

39 de nieuwe aanpak van Twitter om desinformatie te labelen: Yoel Roth and Nick Pickles, “Updating Our Approach to Misleading Information,” Twitter Blog, 11 mei 2020, https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/product/2020/updating-our-approach-to-misleading-information. 

39 ‘Hoe een persoonlijkheidsloze zak’: Yoel Roth, Twitter post, 28 juli 2017, twitter.com/yoyoel/status/890812999874691073. 

39 een nieuw beleid uit te rollen: Deposition of Anika Collier Navaroli, Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the US Capitol, US House of Representatives, 1 september 2022, https://january6th-benniethompson.house.gov/sites/democrats.january6th.house.gov/files/20220901_Anika%20Collier%20Navaroli.pdf. 

40 ‘Twitter zag president Trumps potentiële gewelddadige opruiing’: “Social Media & the January 6th Attack on the US Capitol,” draft, n.d., washingtonpost.com/documents/5bfed332-d350-47c0-8562-0137a4435c68.pdf?itid=lk_ inline_ manual_ 3. 

47 ‘Wees erbij, wordt wild!’: “Social Media & the January 6th Attack on the US Capitol.” 

47 ‘de vijandige sfeer op het platform te temperen’: “Social Media & the January 6th Attack on the US Capitol.” 

47 honderden raakten gewond: Chris Cameron, “These Are the People Who Died in Connection with the Capitol Riot,” The New York Times, 5 januari 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/05/us/politics/jan-6-capitol-deaths.html. 

47 De schade bedroeg meer dan 2,7 miljoen: “24 Months Since the January 6 Attack on the Capitol,” US Attorney’s Office, US Department of Justice, updated 4 januari 2023, justice.gov/usao-dc/24-months-january-6-attack-capitol. 

48 meer dan driehonderd medewerkers: Kate Conger and Mike Isaac, “Inside Twitter’s Decision to Cut Off Trump,” The New York Times, 16 januari 2021, nytimes.com/2021/01/16/technology/twitter-donald-trump-jack-dorsey.html. 

48 Twitters beleid tegen ‘verheerlijking van geweld: Company, Twitter Blog post, 8 januari 2021, https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/suspension. 

48 schorste Twitter de voormalige president permanent: “Permanent Suspension of @realDonaldTrump,” Twitter Blog post, 8 januari 2021, https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/suspension. 

49 de beslissing om Donald Trump van Twitter te verbannen: “Social Media & the January 6th Attack on the US Capitol.” 

49 dat Twitter conservatieve stemmen juist versterkte: Luca Belli, “Examining Algorithmic Amplification of Political Content on Twitter,” X Blog, 21 oktober 2021, blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2021/rml-politicalcontent. 

49 ‘de vrijemeningsuitingsvleugel’: Amir Efrati, “Twitter CEO Costolo on Apple, Privacy, Free Speech and Google; Far from IPO,” The Wall Street Journal, 18 oktober 2011. 

49 Musk had geen respect voor Trump: Walter Isaacson, Elon Musk (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023). 

49 Musks oudste kind, Jenna: Isaacson, Elon Musk. 

50 ‘Tenzij het woke-virus’: Isaacson, Elon Musk. 

50 ‘Toen besloot ik dat het tijd was’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk), 28 september 2022, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23112929-elonmusktext-exhibitstwitterv%E2%80%91musk

51 ‘Ik hou van computerspellen’: Ashlee Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future. 

51 ‘versneller voor het creëren van X’: Dan Milmo and Amy Hawkins, “ ‘The Everything App’: Why Elon Musk Wants X to Be a WeChat for the West,” The Guardian, 29 juli 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/jul/29/elon-musk-wechat-twitter-rebranding-everything-app-for-west. 

52 ‘iemand die je haat’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

53 ‘Vrijheid van meningsuiting is essentieel’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 25 maart 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1507259709224632344. 

54 ‘Absoluut!’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

54 ‘Mijn onzinmeter’: Cheyenne Ligon, “Elon Musk Reveals Talks with Sam Bankman-Fried: ‘My Bulls**t Meter Was Redlining,’ ” Coindesk.com, updated 9 mei 2023, https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/12/elon-musk-reveals-talks-with-sam-bankman-fried-my-bullshit-meter-was-redlining/.

54 Bankman-Fried dat Musk gek was: Isaacson, Elon Musk. 

58 The New York Times publiceerde een exposé: Kate Conger, “Culture Changes and Conflict at Twitter,” The New York Times, 16 augustus 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/technology/twitter-culture-change-conflict.html.

60 Maar hij diende een 13G in: Matt Levine, “Elon Musk Is Active Now,” Bloomberg.com, 6 april 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2022-04-06/elon-musk-is-active-now.

61 Die avond deed Agrawal Musk een voorstel: Walter Isaacson, Elon Musk. 

61 ‘Nee, we hebben het idee niet’: Twitter Comms, Twitter post, 5 april 2022, twitter.com/TwitterComms/status/1511456430024364037. 

61 ‘Oh ja… ze waren’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

64 tegen de coronalockdowns: Elizabeth Dwoskin, “Elon Musk to Address Twitter Staff After Internal Outcry,” The Washington Post, 7 april 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/07/musk-twitter-employee-outcry/. 

64 een Hitler-meme geretweet: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 30 januari 2022., twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1487861173626101760. 

64 ‘Ik blijf vergeten dat je nog leeft.’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 14 november 2021, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1459891238384115722. 

65 Medewerkers waren niet blij: Elizabeth Dwoskin, “Elon Musk to Address Twitter Staff After Internal Outcry.” 

65 ‘Ik ben extreem ongerust’: Dwoskin, “Elon Musk to Address Twitter Staff After Internal Outcry.” 

65 ‘Zoals verwacht’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

67 ‘Ik zal advies geven’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

68 ‘Ik zou er graag meer over willen weten’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

68 ‘Je hebt geen idee’: Walter Isaacson, Elon Musk. 

69 ‘Ik heb het gevoel’: Isaacson, Elon Musk. 

69 ‘Gaat Twitter dood?’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 9 april 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1512785529712123906. 

69 ‘Wat heb je deze week voor elkaar gekregen’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

70 ‘Overigens is Parag nog’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

70 ‘Ik was heel dicht bij de dood’: Ashlee Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future. 

71 ‘Ik bied aan om’: Schdule 13D, Twitter, Inc., United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 13 april 2022, Exhibit B, sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000110465922045641/tm2212748d1_ sc13da.htm. 

72 ‘Ik heb een bod gedaan’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 14 april 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1514564966564651008. 

72 ‘Niemand gelooft dat dit de definitieve prijs is’: Akiko Fujiya, Yahoo!Finance, 14 april 2022, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/no-board-in-america-is-going-to-take-that-number-analyst-on-musks-twitter-offer. 

72 De Saoedische prins Al Waleed bin Talal: Kateryna Kadabshy and Brandon Sapienza, “Billionaire Prince Alwaleed Rejects Elon Musk’s Twitter Bid,” Bloomberg.com, 14 april 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-14/billionaire-prince-alwaleed-rejects-musk-s-twitter-bid. 

72 als Musk 15 procent: Lauren Feiner, “Twitter Board Adopts ‘Poison Pill’ after Musk’s $43 Billion Bid to Buy Company,” CNBC, 15 april 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/15/twitter-board-adopts-poison-pill-after-musks-43-billion-offer-to-buy-company.html. 

73 ‘Dus, Elon, een paar uur geleden’: “Elon Musk Talks Twitter, Tesla and How His Brain Works— Live at TED2022,” YouTube, 14 april 2022, youtube.com/watchv=cdZZpaB2kDM. 

75 ‘We verzamelen nu geïnteresseerden’: Lora Kolodny, “Start‑up Investor Jason Calacanis Raising Millions of Dollars for Musk’s Twitter Deal,” CNBC, 12 mei 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/12/start-up-investor-jason-calacanis-raising-millions-for-twitter-stake.html. 

76 later in de rechtbank onthulde: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk) 

76 ‘Morgan Stanley en Jared’: “Exhibit H,” Elon Musk text exhibits (Twitter v. Musk). 

77 Twitters bankadviseurs: “S& P 500,” Yahoo!Finance, finance.yahoo.com/quote/%5EGSPC/history. 

77 Twitters bankadviseurs: Michelle F. Davis and Liana Baker, “Twitter Takeover Was Brash and Fast, With Musk Calling the Shots,” Bloomberg.com, 26 april 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-26/twitter-takeover-was-brash-and-fast-with-musk-calling-the-shots?embedded-checkout=true. 

77 In de overeenkomst was vastgelegd: Form 8‑K, Tesla Motors, Inc., United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 5 november 2013, sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000119312522120474/d310843ddefa14a.htm. 

78 ‘Vrijheid van meningsuiting is de basis’: “Elon Musk to Acquire Twitter,” Securities and Exchange Commission, exhibit 99.1, sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000119312522117720/d319190dex991.htm. 

78 ‘In het geval van een ontslagronde’: “Elon Musk and Twitter Were Sued by Six Ex‑Employees in Delaware,” CNBC, 16 mei 2023, https://www.scribd.com/document/646717711/Elon-Musk-and-Twitter-were-sued-by-six-ex-employees-in-Delaware. 

80 ‘Als elon musk Twitter koopt’: Elizabeth Bruenig, Twitter post, 14 april 2022, web.archive.org/web/20220414123940/https://twitter.com/ebruenig/status/1514583050964905984. 

80 ‘ik zat op tumblr’: lesbian mothman, Twitter post, 14 april 2022, twitter.com/verysmallriver/status/1514575288319070214. 

80 ‘Ik ben met een spelletje gestart’: Dewayne Perkins, Twitter post, 21 april 2022, twitter.com/DewaynePerkins/status/1517312377573679105. 

80 ‘Elon Musk kon Twitter kopen’: Dividend Hero, Twitter post, 25 april 2022, twitter.com/HeroDividend/status/1518559997478813700. 

80 ‘Kan iemand me alsjeblieft vertellen’: Ned Miles, Twitter post, 25 april 2022, twitter.com/nedmiles/status/1518666741399928833. 

80 ‘Ik hoop dat e-mail’: Brooks Otterlake, Twitter post, 25 april 2022, twitter.com/i_zzzzzz/status/1518727355702808578. 

80 ‘Als we geld willen ophalen’: Brittany Van Horne, Twitter post, 26 april 2022, twitter.com/_brittanyv/status/1519047607607209992. 

84 ‘tijdelijk in de ijskast’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 13 mei 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1525049369552048129. 

85 ‘om de fusie te helpen financieren’: Twitter, Inc., Plaintiff, v. Elon R. Musk, X Holdings I, Inc., and X Holdings II, Inc., Defendants, Securities and Exchange Commission,  exhibit 99.1, sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000119312522192993/d381911dex991.htm. 

85 Musk reageerde met: Rachel Treisman, “Got a Question for Twitter’s Press Team? The Answer Will Be a Poop Emoji,” NPR, 20 maart 2023, https://www.npr.org/2023/03/20/1164654551/twitter-poop-emoji-elon-musk. 

89 ‘een acht pagina’s lange brief aan Twitter’: Letter from Mike Ringler, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP to Twitter, Inc., 8 juli 2022, sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000110465922078413/tm2220599d1_ex99‑p.htm. 

91 ‘Musk moest proberen één van die twee voorwaarden te creëren’: Twitter, Inc., Plaintiff, v. Elon R. Musk, X Holdings I, Inc., Complaint, in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware, documentcloud.org/documents/22084462-twitter‑v‑elon- musk-complaint. 

92 ‘Hoe langer de fusietransactie’: Rebecca Kern, “Judge Sets Expedited Twitter v. Musk Trial for October,” Politico, 19 juli 2022, https://www.politico.com/news/2022/07/19/twitter-musk-lawsuit-expedited-trial-00046533. 

92 beweerde de aanklacht: Twitter, Inc., Plaintiff, v. Elon R. Musk, X Holdings I, Inc., Complaint, in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware, 4 augustus 2022, documentcloud.org/documents/22127591-musk-public-version‑of‑counterclaims-answer‑w‑cos. 

93 Segal mailde de werknemers: Kate Conger and Ryan Mac, “Twitter Tells Employees They Might Get Only Half Their Annual Bonus,” The New York Times, 19 augustus 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/19/technology/twitter-annual-bonus.html. 

95 Nadat Mudge was ontslagen: Cara Lombardo, “Twitter Agreed to Pay Whistleblower Roughly $7 Million in June Settlement,” The Wall Street Journal, 8 september 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/twitter-agreed-to-pay-whistleblower-7-million-in-june-settlement-11662661116. 

95 in zijn beveiligingsapparaat: Whistleblower Aid, “Twitter Whistleblower Disclosure,” Whistleblower Aid, 6 juli 2022, s3.documentcloud.org/documents/22186683/twitter-whistleblower-disclosure.pdf. 

97 ‘Zelfs in gevallen’: Sheelah Kolhatkar, “Lina Khan’s Battle to Rein in Big Tech,” The New Yorker, 29 november 2021, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/12/06/lina-khans-battle-to-rein-in-big-tech. 

100 ‘Ik doe mijn best’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 7 juli 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1545046146548019201. 

100 accepteerde de ceo zijn lot: Anirben Sen and Tom Hals, “Musk Reverses Course, Again: He’s Ready to Buy Twitter, Build ‘X’ App,” Reuters, 4 oktober 2022, https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/musk-said-go-ahead-with-5420-share-twitter-deal-bloomberg-reporter-2022-10-04/. 

101 dichter bij de 25 procent: “The Complete Elon Musk & BBC Interview (4/ 12/ 23) (Full Uncensored Footage),” Frosty Shadowhunter, 12 april 2023, youtube.com/watch?v=2SCgantWSn0& t=469s. 

101 ‘Sommige dingen zijn onbetaalbaar’: “Elon Musk Reveals the Goal of the New Twitter,” Fox News, 18 april 2023, youtube.com/watch?v=qbxStDmHFAE.

***

DEEL II: DE BEERPUT 

105 ‘Twitters hoofdkwartier enteren – laat dat bezinken!’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 26 oktober 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1585341984679469056. 

106 een reis die Twitter: Joe Schneider, “Twitter Sued for Refusing to Pay for Two Private Jet Charters,” Bloomberg.com, 9 december 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-09/twitter-sued-after-refusing-to-pay-private-jet-charter-service-for-two-flights?embedded-checkout=true. 

106 van plan was om bijna 75 procent: Elizabeth Dwoskin, Faiz Siddiqui, Gerrit De Vynck, and Jeremy B. Merrill, “Documents Detail Plans to Gut Twitter’s Workforce,” The Washington Post, 20 oktober 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/20/musk-twitter-acquisition-staff-cuts/. 

106 een koffie, opgewarmd in de magnetron alsjeblieft: Walter Isaacson, Elon Musk (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023). 

107 ‘Ik zag [Musk] als de man’: Esther Crawford, Twitter post, 26 juli 2023, twitter.com/esthercrawford/status/1684291048682684416. 

107 die opgroeide in een christelijke sekte: Esther Crawford, Twitter post, 16 april 2022, twitter.com/esthercrawford/status/1515379706010357760. 

107 had ze haar weeën ge-livetweet: Esther Crawford, Twitter post, 7 mei 2009, twitter.com/esthercrawford/status/1735284050. 

107 ‘seksuele experimenten en open relaties’: Emily Chang, “ ‘Oh My God, This Is So F— ed Up’: Inside Silicon Valley’s Secretive, Orgiastic Dark Side,” Vanity Fair, 2 januari 2018, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/01/brotopia-silicon-valley-secretive-orgiastic-inner-sanctum. 

108 ‘Mijn vibe check‘: roon, Twitter post, 26 oktober 2022, twitter.com/tszzl/status/1585394264351334400. 

109 ‘Als wij blijven’: “Not Going Anywhere,” MaNu (Blog), 27 april 2022, ma.nu/blog/not-going-anywhere. 

109 ontwerpchef Dantley Davis: Kate Conger, “Culture Change and Conflict at Twitter,” The New York Times, 16 augustus 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/technology/twitter-culture-change-conflict.html. 

109 het iconische vogellogo aan Davis: Manu Cornet, Twittoons, 19 oktober 2021, twittoons.com/4. 

109 ‘Ik heb de interne post verwijderd’ : “Bye Twitter,” MaNu (Blog), 1 november 2022, ma.nu/blog/bye-twitter. 

120 ‘haatzaaiers, leugenaars en oplichters aan de tafel uit te nodigen’: Jennifer Faull, “Will Advertisers Stick with a Twitter Run by Elon Musk?,” The Drum, 31 oktober 2022, https://www.thedrum.com/news/2022/10/31/will-advertisers-stick-with-twitter-run-elon-musk. 

120 General Motors, een concurrent van Tesla: Jamie L. La Reau, “GM Tweeting Has Largely Gone Silent as Musk Loses Millions in Ad Dollars,” Detroit Free Press, 30 november 2022, https://eu.freep.com/story/money/cars/general-motors/2022/11/30/gm-twitter-elon-musks-ads/69687219007/. 

120 General Mills, Audi, en Pfizer: Yoel Roth, “I Was the Head of Trust and Safety at Twitter. This Is What Could Become of It,” The New York Times, 18 november 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/18/opinion/twitter-yoel-roth-elon-musk.html. 

122 Jack Dorsey stemde er ook mee in: Dan Primak, “Book Reveals Elon Musk’s Secret Deal with Jack Dorsey,” Axios, 12 september 2023, https://www.axios.com/2023/09/12/elon-musks-secret-deal-jack-dorsey-walter-isaacson-twitter. 

123 uitbetaald worden voor vested aandelen: Lora Kolodny, “Twitter Tells Worried Employees Their Vested Shares Will Be Paid in Coming Days,” CNBC, 1 november 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/01/twitter-reassures-employees-vested-shares-will-be-paid-out-this-month.html. 

124 ‘Niet,’ zei hij: Casey Newton, “Going Down with the Censorships,” This American Life, 31 april 2023, https://www.thisamericanlife.org/797/transcript. 

124 ‘Ik liet hem zijn eigen account zien’: Newton, “Going Down with the Censorships.” 

126 Nu wilde Musk dat gebruikers werden omgeleid: Alex Heath, “Elon Musk Wastes No Time Changing Twitter,” The Verge, 30 oktober 2022, https://www.theverge.com/2022/10/30/23430008/elon-musk-twitter-homepage-subscriptions-changes.

128 ‘Ligma Johnson had het verdiend’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 28 oktober 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1586108809772089345. 

129 overtrad dit het beleid van Twitter: “The X Rules, Twitter Help Center, n.d., https://help.twitter.com/en/rules-and-policies/x-rules. 

133 ‘Wie is cruciaal?’, vroegen ze.: ZoëSchiffer, Casey Newton, and Alex Heath, “Extremely Hardcore,” New York, 17 januari 2023, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/elon-musk-twitter-takeover.html. 

134 ‘We stelden ons een wereld voor’: Amir Shevat, “Developer Platforms Are All About Trust, and Twitter Lost It,” TechCrunch, 15 december 2022, https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/15/developer-platforms-are-all-about-trust-and-twitter-lost-it/. 

134 hoe Musk zijn andere bedrijven leidde: Lora Kolodny, “Elon Musk’s Extreme Micromanagement Has Wasted Time and Money at Tesla, Insiders Say,” CNBC, 19 oktober 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/19/tesla-ceo-elon-musk-extreme-micro-manager.html. 

135 ‘riskeer je ontslagen te worden’: “Elon Musk and Twitter Were Sued by Six Ex‑Employees in Delaware,” CNBC, 16 mei 2023, https://www.scribd.com/document/646717711/Elon-Musk-and-Twitter-were-sued-by-six-ex-employees-in-Delaware. 

136 loonkosten drastisch verlagen: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 4 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588671155766194176. 

138 een dronken gevecht: Kurtis Lee, “Elon Musk, in a Tweet, Shares Link from Site Known to Publish False News,” The New York Times, 30 oktober 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/30/business/musk-tweets-hillary-clinton-pelosi-husband.html. 

139 ‘Als ik een dollar zou krijgen’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 31 oktober 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1587129795732770824. 

141 ‘ongeveer de helft van de Amerikaanse volwassenen’: Meltem Odabaş, “5 Facts About Twitter Lurkers,” Pew Research Center, 16 maart 2022, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/03/16/5-facts-about-twitter-lurkers/. 

142 ‘Het huidige systeem van heren en horigen’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 1 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1587498907336118274. 

142 ‘Ik dacht er niet echt over na’: “ ‘I Thought I’d Been Hacked. It Turned Out I’d Been Fired’: Tales of a Twitter Engineer,” Manu Cornet, The Economist, 2 december 2022, https://www.economist.com/1843/2022/12/02/i-thought-id-been-hacked-it-turned-out-id-been-fired-tales-of-a-twitter-engineer. 

143 ‘Twintig dollar per maand’: Stephen King, Twitter post, 31 oktober 2022, twitter.com/StephenKing/status/1587042605627490304. 

143 ‘We zullen de rekeningen toch’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 1 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1587312517679878144. 

143 ‘Wanneer je team dag en nacht werkt’: Esther Crawford, Twitter post, 2 november 2022, twitter.com/esthercrawford/status/1587709705488830464. 

143 “hooggeplaatste persoonlijkheden op Twitter’: Casey Newton and Zoe Schiffer, “Elon Only Trusts Elon,” Platformer, 5 december 2022, https://www.platformer.news/elon-only-trusts-elon/. 

152 een collectieve rechtszaak in tegen X Corp. en Elon Musk: Courtney McMillian v. X Corp., f/ k/ a/ Twitter, Inc., Class Action Complaint, in the United States District Court, District of Northern California, 12 juli 2023, si‑interactive.s3.amazonaws.com/prod/planadviser- com/wp‑content/uploads/2023/07/12150148/STAMPED-Twitter-Complaint-002.pdf. 

153 Lisa Bloom, een beroemde advocaat: KCAL, “Legal Actions Continue Against Twitter,” KCAL News, 5 december 2022, https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/legal-actions-continue-against-twitter/. 

155 ‘Aangezien we het allemaal weer hebben over’: Alex Haagaard, Twitter post, 27 oktober 2022, twitter.com/alexhaagaard/status/1585749725768306690. 

155 ‘Welkom op het NIEUWE TWITTER’: Ben Rosen, Twitter post, 27 oktober 2022, twitter.com/ben_rosen/status/1585814989683642368. 

155 ‘misschien MISSCHIEN blijf ik’: Cullen Crawford, Twitter post, 28 oktober 2022, twitter.com/HelloCullen/status/1586024569462149120. 

155 ‘Het engste aan’: @simplylay, Twitter post, 30 oktober 2022, twitter.com/simplylay/status/1586859593388335106. 

155 ‘Mensen zeggen’: Katie Notopoulos, Twitter post, 1 november 2022, twitter.com/katienotopoulos/status/1587465303319003141. 

155 ‘zullen we voor het gemak’: pathological supply avoidance, Twitter post, 2 november 2022, twitter.com/griph/status/1587808323486863360. 

155 ‘Sacks’ is echt’: Alex Heath, Twitter post, 3 november 2022, twitter.com/alexeheath/status/1588197607578312704. 

155 ‘De ontslagmail van’: Chris Bakke, Twitter post, 4 november 2022, twitter.com/ChrisJBakke/status/1588391239430246401. 

156 volgens het ministerie van Justitie: United States of America v. Twitter, Inc., Opposition to X Corp.’s Motion for Protective Order & Relief from Consent Order, United States District Court Northern District of California, 11 september 2023, washingtonpost.com/documents/33a6f227-7259-4217-baf0-5d645b3c8b63.pdf. 

159 ‘privé-informatie lekten’: Gergely Orosz, “The Scoop #32: Meta’s Historic Layoffs,” Pragmatic Engineer, 17 november 2022, https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/the-scoop-32. 

160 ‘zo’n riskante verandering’: Ryan Mac, Kate Conger, and Mike Isaac, “Twitter Is Said to Delay Changes to Check Mark Badges Until After Midterms,” The New York Times, 6 november 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/06/technology/twitter-verification-check-marks.html. 

161 stond dat Twitter Blue live was: Emma Roth, “Elon Musk’s $7.99 Twitter Blue with Verification Is ‘Coming Ssoon’ on iOS,” The Verge, 5 november 2022, https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/5/23442149/twitter-blue-checkmark-ios-update-elon-musk. 

161 ‘Macht aan het volk’: Casey Newton, “Elon Musk Has Discussed Putting All of Twitter Behind a Paywall,” The Verge, 7 november 2022, https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/7/23446262/elon-musk-twitter-paywall-possible. 

161 ‘Het nieuwe Blue is nog niet live’: Esther Crawford, Twitter post, 5 november 2022, twitter.com/esthercrawford/status/1588969361976741888. 

161 ‘Ik heb het net de nek omgedraaid’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 9 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1590383366213611522. 

161 ‘Ik voorspel dat na verloop van tijd’: Jason Calacanis, Twitter post, 3 november 2022, twitter.com/Jason/status/1588219571978190848. 

162 Calacanis moest stoppen met tweeten: Kate Conger, Mike Isaac, Ryan Mac, “Two Weeks of Chaos: Inside Elon Musk’s Takeover of Twitter,” The New York Times, 11 november 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/11/technology/elon-musk-twitter-takeover.html. 

162 ‘Even voor de duidelijkheid’: Jason Calacanis, Twitter post, 4 november 2022, twitter.com/Jason/status/1588637889952624641. 

163 ‘Het blauwe vinkje betekende gewoon’: Valerie Bertinelli, Twitter post, 5 november 2022, twitter.com/Wolfiesmom/status/1588969800675782656. 

163 tweette rechtse commentator Benny Johnson: Benny Johnson, Twitter post, 6 november 2022, twitter.com/bennyjohnson/status/1589401140482883584. 

165 schortte Eli Lilly al zijn advertentiecampagnes op: Drew Harwell, “A Fake Tweet Sparked Panic at Eli Lilly and May Have Cost Twitter Millions,” The Washington Post, 14 november 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/14/twitter-fake-eli-lilly/. 

166 ‘ik ben een eh … klachtenhotline’: “Elon Musk on Twitter Spaces Audio,” YouTube, n.d., youtube.com/watch?v= r8ZhfmQHgKg. 

168 minder dan 61.000 gebruikers geabonneerd: Matt Binder, “Surprise? Elon Musk’s $8 Twitter Blue Hasn’t made Very Much Money So Far,” Mashable, November 11, 2022, https://mashable.com/article/twitter-blue-elon-musk-subscriber-numbers. 

172 een verklaring van Twitter aan de FTC: United States of America v. Twitter, Inc., Opposition to X Corp.’s Motion for Protective Order & Relief from Consent Order, United States District Court Northern District of California, September 11, 2023, washingtonpost.com/documents/33a6f227-7259-4217-baf0-5d645b3c8b63.pdf. 

172 ‘verbeteringen in zijn gegevensbeheer’ : Twitter, Inc., Opposition to X Corp.’s Motion for Protective Order & Relief from Consent Order, United States District Court Northern District of California, 11 september 2023. 

173 ‘Ik kijk niet naar Game of Thrones.’: Marianne Fogarty, Twitter post, 7 november 2022, twitter.com/MarianneFogarty/status/1589724275510226944. 

175 maakte Yoel Roth een lijstje: Newton, “Going Down with the Censorships.” 

175 ‘willekeurige of eenzijdige’: Newton, “Going Down with the Censorships.” 

176 ‘Na Elon Musk’: Newton, “Going Down with the Censorships.” 

180 ‘Elon Musk mag dan’: TheCryptKeifer, Twitter post, 3 november 2022, twitter.com/DannyVegito/status/1588237959236653057. 

180 ‘nu op Twitter zitten’: Lauren Dombrowski, Twitter post, 6 november 2022, twitter.com/callmekitto/status/1589407148462964736. 

180 ‘Elke post van Elon’: John Frankensteiner, Twitter post, 6 november 2022, twitter.com/JFrankensteiner/status/1589418718819647489. 

180 ‘Alles wat er nu op Twitter gebeurt’: Andrew Nadeau, Twitter post, 7 november 2022, twitter.com/TheAndrewNadeau/status/1589628148446269442. 

180 ‘elke keer als hier bizarre’: Sarah Jeong, Twitter post, 9 november 2022, twitter.com/sarahjeong/status/1590512775385976832. 

182 ‘Musk beweerde dat’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 2 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1598752139278532610. 

183 een artikel dat het onderzoek van het CCDH citeerde: Thomas Germain, “Hate Speech on Twitter Skyrocketed While Elon Said He Was Winning, New Research Shows,” Gizmodo, 2 december 2022, https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-twitter-hate-speech-data-n-word-rising-slurs-1849846553. 

183 van meningsuiting te verstikken: Sheera Frenkel, “Twitter Sues Nonprofit That Tracks Hate Speech,” The New York Times, 31 juli 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/31/technology/twitter-x-center-for-countering-digital-hate.html.

184 ‘Trouwens, ik wil me verontschuldigen’ : Elon Musk, Twitter post, 13 november 2022, 1:00 p.m., twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1591853644944932865. 

185 schreef ze in een tweet: Sasha Solomon, Twitter post, 13 november 2022, twitter.com/sachee/status/1591857120768843776. 

186 ‘Nadat ik 12 geweldige jaren’: Yao Yue, Twitter post, 15 november 2022, twitter.com/thinkingfish/status/1592522358581264384. 

187 ‘ik heb het al eerder gezegd’: Sasha Solomon, Twitter post, 14 november 2022, twitter.com/sachee/status/1592308273071681536. 

190 slechts ongeveer 25 procent van de software-engineers: Gergely Orosz, “The Scoop #32: Met’s Historic Layoffs,” Pragmatic Engineer, 17 november 2022, newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com/p/the-scoop‑32. 

193 ‘De “codeproeven” waren duidelijk’: Wolfram Arnold et al., v. X Corp. f/ k/ a/ Twitter, Inc., Complaint, in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware, 16 mei 2023, int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/twitter-employee-lawsuit‑v/e5d27a60a7b7d51e/full.pdf. 

193 ‘De “beoordelaars” mistten de context’: “Elon Musk and Twitter Were Sued by Six Ex‑Employees in Delaware,” CNBC, 16 mei 2023, scribd.com/document/646717711/Elon-Musk-and-Twitter-were-sued‑by‑six‑ex‑employees‑in‑Delaware#.

194 ‘zeldzame-aardemetaal’: Erin Griffith, “The Desperate Hunt for the A.I. Boom’s Most Indispensable Prize,” The New York Times, 16 augustus 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/16/technology/ai-gpu-chips-shortage.html. 

194 Aandelen van Nvidia,: Derek Saul, “Nvidia Stock Hits All- Time High After 315% Surge— Easily Outpacing Its Peers,” Forbes, 22 august 2023, https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/08/22/nvidia-stock-hits-all-time-high-after-315-surge-easily-outpacing-its-peers/. 

196 ‘van de app-reviewteams al binnen’: Yoel Roth, “I Was the Head of Trust and Safety at Twitter. This Is What Could Become of It,” The New York Times, 18 november 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/18/opinion/twitter-yoel-roth-elon-musk.html. 

196 ‘Voormalig president Trump opnieuw toelaten’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 18 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1593767953706921985. 

198 werden er duizenden accounts hersteld: Clare Duffy, “The Mass Unbanning of Suspended Twitter Users Is Underway,” CNN Business, 8 december 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/08/tech/twitter-unbanned-users-returning/index.html. 

199 ‘De reden waarom Twitter mensen stimuleerde’: “Elon Musk and Twitter Were Sued by Six Ex‑Employees in Delaware,” CNBC, 16 mei 2023. 

200 de avond voor Thanksgiving: ZoëSchiffer, Twitter post, 24 november 2022, twitter.com/ZoeSchiffer/status/1595773065962868737. 

200 vier weken salarisvergoeding: Alex Heath, Twitter post, 24 november 2022, twitter.com/alexeheath/status/1595703616295567362. 

201 In de laatste twee maanden: Jessica DiNapoli and Richa Naidu, “Focus: Here’s What Twitter Lost in Advertising Revenue in Final Months of 2022,” Reuters, 20 januari 2023, https://www.reuters.com/technology/heres-what-twitter-lost-advertising-revenue-final-months-2022-2023-01-19/. 

201 Twitters inkomsten in het vierde kwartaal van 2022: Erin Woo, “Musk’s Twitter Saw Revenue Drop 35% in Q4, Sharply Below Projections,” The Information, 18 januari 2023, https://www.theinformation.com/articles/musks-twitter-saw-revenue-drop-35-in-q4-sharply-below-projections. 

201 ‘totdat er een hoge mate van vertrouwen was’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 21 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1594861031670820864. 

203 ‘Apple is grotendeels gestopt met adverteren’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 28 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1597285572699074560. 

203 ‘te dreigen Twitter’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 28 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1597300125243944961. 

204 Phil Schiller, bij Apple verantwoordelijk voor: Sami Fathi, “Apple Executive Phil Schiller Deactivates Twitter Account,” MacRumors, 20 november 2022, https://www.macrumors.com/2022/11/20/phil-schiller-deactivates-twitter-account/. 

205 privégegevens van Twitter Blue-abonnees: Walter Isaacson, Elon Musk. 

206 ‘Dit is de houding’: Jay Peters, “Geohot Resigns from Twitter,” The Verge, 20 december 2022, https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/20/23519922/george-hotz-geohot-twitter-internship-resigns. 

207 ‘Natuurlijk, laten we eens praten’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 16 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1592976585858351105. 

207 De hacker was ervan overtuigd: “Transcript for George Hotz: Tiny Corp, Twitter, AI Safety, Self- Driving, GPT, AGI & God,” Lex Fridman Podcast, podcast #387, June 29, 2023, https://lexfridman.com/george-hotz-3-transcript/. 

207 een Slack-bericht van Hotz: Dave Beckett, Twitter post, 23 mei 2023, twitter.com/dajobe/status/1660872612837466112. 

208 ‘Dit wordt fantastisch’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 2 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1598781280015073281. 

208 een potentieel explosief voorpagina-artikel: Emma‑Jo Morris and Gabrielle Fonrouge, New York Post, 14 oktober 2020, https://nypost.com/2020/10/14/email-reveals-how-hunter-biden-introduced-ukrainian-biz-man-to-dad/. 

209 timing en plaatsing: Andrew Rice and Olivia Nuzzi, “The Sordid Saga of Hunter Biden’s Laptop,” New York, 12 september 2022, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/hunter-biden-laptop-investigation.html. 

209 publiceerde WikiLeaks een verzameling e-mails: Jeff Stein, “WikiLeaks Released a Cache of Emails,” Vox, 20 oktober 2016, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/10/20/13308108/wikileaks-podesta-hillary-clinton. 

209 ‘Het effect van dergelijke manipulaties’: Jane Mayer, “How Russia Helped Swing the Election for Trump,” The New Yorker, 24 september 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/10/01/how-russia-helped-to-swing-the-election-for-trump. 

210 ‘die verkregen was via hacking’: “Distribution of Hacked Material Policy, Twitter Rules and Policies,” maart 2019, web.archive.org/web/20190717143909/https://help.twitter.com/en/rules-and-policies/hacked- materials. 

210 verwijderde Twitter de tweets van de New York Post: Rice and Nuzzi, “The Sordid Saga of Hunter Biden’s Laptop.” 

210 ‘Twitter beging in dit geval’: “Statement of Yoel Roth, PhD,” Hearing on “Protecting Speech from Government Interference and Social Media Bias, Part 1: Twitter’s Role in Suppressing the Biden Laptop Story,” House Committee on Oversight and Accountability, 8 februari 2023, oversight.house.gov/wp‑content/uploads/2023/02/Roth-House-Oversight-opening-statement‑V4‑Final.pdf. 

211 Draad: de twitter-dossiers”: Matt Taibbi, Twitter post, 2 december 2022, twitter.com/mtaibbi/status/1598822959866683394. 

212 ‘De beslissing werd genomen’: Matt Taibbi, Twitter post, 2 december 2022, twitter.com/mtaibbi/status/1598834231794315265. 

215 wijzigde Musk het ouderschapsverlofbeleid: Kate Conger, Twitter post, 7 mei 2022, twitter.com/kateconger/status/1655249784574443520. 

215 ‘een wanhopige poging’: Joan Donovan, “Opinion: Why the ‘Twitter Files’ Are Falling Flat,” Politico, 15 december 2022, https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/12/15/twitter-files-falling-flat-00073979. 

217 ‘Dergelijke lijstmakers’: Matt Taibbi, “Twitter Files: GEC, New Knowledge, and State- Sponsored Blacklists,” Racket News, 2 maart 2023, https://www.racket.news/p/twitter-files-gec-new-knowledge-and. 

217 ‘Tune in voor aflevering 2’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 2 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1598864377750306816. 

217 ‘Taibbi ftw’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 15 januari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1614819551694458880. 

217 ‘Ze gaan er nog jaren over zeuren’: Dave Karpf, Twitter post, 3 december 2022, twitter.com/davekarpf/status/1599171487402930176. 

218 bleven niet onopgemerkt door de FTC: Interim Staff Report, “The Weaponization of the Federal Trade Commission: An Agency’s Overreach to Harass Elon Musk’s Twitter,” Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government, March 7, 2023, judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo- subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/Weaponization_ Select_ Subcommittee_Report_ on_ FTC_Harrassment_of_Twitter_ 3.7.2023.pdf. 

219 kreeg Chappelle corona nadat: Emily Kirkpatrick, “Dave Chappelle Tests Positive for COVID‑19 After Hanging Out with Grimes, Elon Musk, and Joe Rogan,” Vanity Fair, January 22, 2021, https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2021/01/dave-chappelle-tests-positive-coronavirus-joe-rogan-grimes-elon-musk. 

220 ‘Herkent iemand deze persoon of auto?’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 14 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1603235998263123969. 

221 om zijn doelwit te vinden: Drew Harwell and Taylor Lorenz, “Musk Blamed a Twitter Account for an Alleged Stalker. Police See No Link,” CBS News, 18 december 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/12/18/details-of-musk-stalking-incident/. 

221 ‘het niet verbannen van het account’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 6 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1589414958508691456. 

221 ‘Herinneren jullie je Elon Musks eerste Twitter-dossier?’: Matt Binder, Twitter post, 24 december 2022, twitter.com/MattBinder/status/1606723471475605505. 

222 ‘Dezelfde doxing-regels’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 15 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1603573725978275841. 

222 ‘Je bent een burger’: NowThis News, “Elon Musk Suspends Accounts, Accuses Journalists of Doxxing,” YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=nYezmbu_xRM. 

223 om een oud probleem op te lossen: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 16 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1603649264290123778. 

223 ‘dat account [@ElonJet] nooit zou verwijderen’ : Britney Nguyen, “Chamath Palihapitiya Says He’s Faced Privacy Concerns over Jet- Tracking Like Elon Musk, and Would Consider Ditching Flying Private for Something ‘More Anonymous,’ ” Business Insider, 17 december 2022, https://www.businessinsider.com/chamath-palihapitiya-on-private-jet-tracking-elon-musk-journalists-suspensions-2022-12?international=true&r=US&IR=T. 

223 ‘accounts die mijn exacte locatie live hebben gedoxt’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 15 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1603600001057185792. 

227 ‘het dagelijks gebruik van het n-woord’: CBS News Bay Area, “Watchdog Groups: Hate Speech Dramatically Surges on Twitter Following Elon Musk Takeover,” CBS News, 2 december 2022, https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/twitter-elon-musk-takeover-watchdog-groups-say-hate-speech-surges-dramatically/. 

227 ‘Het is uit onderzoek duidelijk gebleken’: Anne Collier, Twitter post, 8 december 2022, twitter.com/annecollier/status/1600889250761027585/photo/1. 

228 ‘Jullie horen allemaal in de gevangenis’: Cernovich, Twitter post, 9 december 2022. ET, twitter.com/Cernovich/status/1601270553650028546. 

228 ‘Het is misdadig’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 9 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1601275244710621184. 

228 ‘Hou op met liegen, Ella’: ruchowdh.bsky.social, Twitter post, 10 december 2022, twitter.com/ruchowdh/status/1601513820035244037. 

229 ‘en meer dan tien nieuwe rollen’: Joseph Menn, “Elon Musk Uses QAnon Tactic in Criticizing Former Twitter Safety Chief,” The Washington Post, 12 december 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/12/12/musk-child-porn-qanon/. 

230 ‘Het lijkt erop dat Yoel’ : Elon Musk, Twitter post, 10 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1601660414743687169. 

231 publiceerde de Daily Mail: James Gordon, “Ex‑Twitter Censor Yoel Roth and His Boyfriend Are Forced to FLEE Their $1.1m Home After His Thesis— Which Supports Letting Children Use Gay Hook‑Up App Grindr— Is Shared by Elon Musk,” Daily Mail, 12 december 2022, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11531441/Ex-Twitter-censor-Yoel-Roth-boyfriend-forced-FLEE-t-1-1m-home-Elon-Musk-shared-thesis.html. 

232 500 miljoen dollar uit het budget te snijden.: “Musk Says Cost Cutting Averted $3 Billion Twitter Shortfall,” Bloomberg.com, 21 december 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-21/musk-says-cost-cutting-averted-3-billion-twitter-shortfall. 

233 waren de Schurken erin geslaagd: Becky Peterson and Erin Woo, “Musk May Have Found a Hardcore Leader for Twitter,” The Information, 23 december 2022, https://www.theinformation.com/articles/musk-may-have-found-a-hardcore-leader-for-twitter. 

236 ‘Nou, dan betalen we die gewoon niet’: Wolfram Arnold et al., v. X Corp. f/ k/ a/ Twitter, Inc., Complaint, in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware, 16 mei 2023, int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/twitter-employee-lawsuit‑v/e5d27a60a7b7d51e/full.pdf. 

236 ‘Op de tiende verdieping’: Dave Beckett, Twitter post, 5 juni 2023, twitter.com/dajobe/status/1665774940597960706. 

236 ‘schreven haar advocaten’: Wolfram Arnold et al., v. X Corp. f/ k/ a/ Twitter, Inc., Complaint, in the United States District Court for the State of Delaware, May 16, 2023. 

236 op een openbare registratielijst: “Nicole Hollander & Steven Davis’s Registry,” The Bump, n.d., https://registry.thebump.com/nicole-hollander-steven-davis-october-2022/54000451.

238 kwam de gemeentelijke inspectie op Twitters hoofdkantoor “Complaint Data Sheet,” City and County of San Francisco, 6 december 2022– 22 augustus 2023, dbiweb02.sfgov.org/ dbipts/ default.aspx? page= AddressComplaint& ComplaintNo= 202299804. 

244 ‘Als we een van die overgebleven datacentra kwijtraken’: Donie O’Sullivan, Brian Fung, and Sean Lyngass, “Extreme California Heat Knocks Key Twitter Data Center Offline,” CNN, 12 september 2022, https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/12/tech/twitter-data-center-california-heat-wave/index.html. 

246 ‘had losgekoppeld’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 24 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1606624671100997634.

***

DEEL III: HOOFDPERSOON

249 ‘Elke dag is er op Twitter’: maple cocaine, Twitter post, 2 januari 2019, twitter.com/maplecocaine/status/1080665226410889217. 

250 ‘Het platonische ideaal’: Michael Hobbes, Twitter post, 27 augustus 2023, twitter.com/RottenInDenmark/status/1695650707159056440. 

251 de vrouw die een pot chili-con-carne maakte: Emily Heil, “A Woman Made Chili for Neighbors. Outrage Ensued, Was She Wrong?,” The Washington Post, 18 november 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2022/11/18/chili-neighbors-twitter-etiquette/. 

251 de vrouw die toegaf dat ze ’s ochtends graag in haar tuin: Daisey, Twitter post, 21 oktober 2022, twitter.com/lilplantmami/status/1583495587566977026. 

251 de jongvolwassen schrijver: Alexander McCoy, Twitter post, 31 juli 2022, twitter.com/AlexanderMcCoy4/status/1553918627581149185. 

252 De ceo had 124 miljoen volgers: Elon Musk, Twitter profile, web.archive.org/web/20230102031613/twitter.com/elonmusk. 

252 het gemiddelde dagelijkse aantal weergaven: Faiz Siddiqui and Jeremy B. Merrill, “Elon Musk Reinvents Twitter for the Benefit of a Power User: Himself,” The Washington Post, 16 februari 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/02/16/elon-musk-twitter/.

257 tweetend over Dogecoin: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 12 februari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1624986889391407106.

257 reagerend op een video van een man die in zijn blote bast: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1625255305868345345.

257 ‘Vanity Unfair is zo diep gezonken’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1625256224760696832.

258 ‘grote veranderingen aan het algoritme’: Zoe Schiffer and Casey Newton, “Yes, Elon Musk Created a Special System for Showing You All His Tweets First,” Platformer, https://www.platformer.news/yes-elon-musk-created-a-special-system/.

258 ‘Blijf aan de lijn’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 14 februari 2023, https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1625407245218648065.

259 ‘De “bron” van het bedrieglijke Platformer-artikel’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 17 februari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1626523188149764096.

259 ‘een brisant verslag gepubliceerd’: Joseph Menn, “Ex‑Twitter Engineer Tells FTC Privacy Violations Persist After Musk,” The Washington Post, 24 januari 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/01/24/whistleblower-twtter-ftc-settlement/.

260 voor spionage in opdracht van Saoedi-Arabië: Kevin Collier, “Former Twitter Employee Sentenced to More Than Three Years in Prison for Spying for Saudi Arabia,” NBC News, 14 december 2022, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/security/former-twitter-employee-sentenced-three-years-prison-spying-saudi-arab-rcna61384.

262 ‘Staat iedereens’: Zoë Schiffer, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/ZoeSchiffer/status/1625261826979287040.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer Ja’: Nicholas Brown, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/News_By_Nick/status/1625329795528630274.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer ja’: logan bartlett, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/loganbartlett/status/1625270333627420674.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer Ja, WTF?’: David Weissman, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/davidmweissman/status/1625281230500515841.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer 100% maar ik was bang’: Santiago Pombo, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/SantiagoPombo/status/1625325742174400512.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer heb hem geblokkeerd’: Khaver , Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/thekarachikid/status/1625280694711734273.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer Dit is hoe Elon het algoritme’: Andrea Kuszewski, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/AndreaKuszewski/status/1625290858970107904.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer Deze man betaalt’: anildash.com, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/anildash/status/1625284010338385925.

262 ‘@ZoeSchiffer ‘Voor Jou’ is’: Brian Ray, Twitter post, 13 februari 2023, twitter.com/brianrayguitar/status/1625370318503305216.

263 ‘Twitter geeft toe’: Dan Milmo, “Twitter Admits Bias in Algorithm for Rightwing Politicians and News Outlets,” The Guardian, 22 oktober 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/oct/22/twitter-admits-bias-in-algorithm-for-rightwing-politicians-and-news-outlets.

264 ‘gratis goede info bieden’: Emma Roth, “Elon Musk Says Bots with ‘Good Content’ Can Use Twitter’s API for Free,” The Verge, 5 februari 2023, https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/5/23586577/elon-musk-bots-good-content-twitters-api-free.

264 zijn nieuwe prijzen introduceerde,: Chris Stokel- Walker, “Twitter’s $42,000perMonth API Prices Out Nearly Everyone,” Wired, 10 maart 2023, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/twitter-data-api-prices-out-nearly-everyone.

265 aantal ‘goede’ bots geblokkeerd: BART Alert, Twitter post, 14 april 2023, twitter.com/SFBARTalert/status/1647031817889783812.

265 ‘Zonlicht is het beste ontsmettingsmiddel’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 3 mei 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1521574200183566338.

271 ‘Ik had vrede met’: Esther Crawford, Twitter post, 26 juli 2023, twitter.com/esthercrawford/status/16842910486826

271 Musk antwoordde: ‘Het is goedgekeurd: Halli, Twitter post, 6 maart 2023, twitter.com/iamharaldur/status/1632906956229804032.

271 vertelde Musk zijn 129 miljoen: Elon Musk, Twitter profile, 6 maart 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1633011448459964417.

271 ‘Niet alleen is zijn werkethiek’: Daniel Houghton, Twitter post, 7 maart 2023, twitter.com/danielhoughton/status/1633115945534214145.

272 een videogesprek met Thorleifsson: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 7 maart 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1633240643727138824.

274 In tegenstelling tot Meta- medewerkers: Mark Zuckerberg, “Mark Zuckerberg’s Message to Employees,” https://about.fb.com/news/2022/11/mark-zuckerberg-layoff-message-to-employees/

274 tweeduizend voormalige Twitter-werknemers: Fabien Ho Ching Ma v. Twitter, Inc., Petition to Compel Arbitration, United States District Court, Northern District of California, San Francisco Division, 3 juli 2023, fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/akveqdzngvr/EMPLOYMENT_TWITTER_ARBITRATION_com plaint.pdf.

276 ‘Moet nu opgelost zijn’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 17 februari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1626538656487059460.

276 ‘de sluiting van Sacramento’: Walter Isaacson, Elon Musk (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023).

276 de zesde grote storing: Casey Newton and Zoë Schiffer, “How a Single Engineer Brought Down Twitter on Monday,” Platformer, 6 maart 2023, https://www.platformer.news/how-a-single-engineer-brought-down/.

276 in heel 2022 had Twitter: Ryan Mac, Mike Isaac, and Kate Conger, “ ‘Sometimes Things Break’: Twitter Outages Are on the Rise,” The New York Times, 29 februari 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/28/technology/twitter-outages-elon-musk.html.

281 werknemers die aandelen kochten: Zoë Schiffer, “The Secret List of Twitter VIPs Getting Boosted over Everyone Else,” Platformer, 27 maart 2023, https://www.platformer.news/the-secret-list-of-twitter-vips-getting/.

282 ‘Twitter, Inc. is gefuseerd’: Laura Loomer, et al., v. Meta Platformers, Inc., Defendant Twitter, Inc.’s Corporate Disclosure Statement and Certification of Interested Entities or Persons, United States District Court, Northern District of California, San Francisco Division, 4 april 2023, storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.395023/gov.uscourts.cand.395023.123.0.pdf.

282 het enorme twitter-bord: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 9 april 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1645266104351178752.

282 ‘er veel gênante problemen’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 31 maart 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1641874582473695246.

282 het algoritme specifiek labelde: Jane Manchun Wong, Twitter post, 31 maart 2023, twitter.com/wongmjane/status/1641884551189512192.

282 sinds hij het bedrijf verliet: Zoe Schiffer, “The secret list of Twitter VIPs getting boosted over everyone else,” Platformer, 27 maart 2023, https://www.platformer.news/the-secret-list-of-twitter-vips-getting/.

283 slechts 290.000 gebruikers: Erin Woo, “Musk’s Twitter Has Just 180,000 US Subscribers, Two Months After Launch,” The Information, 6 februari 2023, https://www.theinformation.com/articles/musks-twitter-has-just-180-000-u-s-subscribers-two-months-after-launch.

284 ‘Nou, denk dat mijn blauwe’: LeBron James, Twitter post, 31 maart 2023, twitter.com/KingJames/status/1641836984195743749.

284 ‘Ik die me morgen bij jullie’: Halle Berry, Twitter post, 19 april 2023, twitter.com/halleberry/status/1648869732148301824.

285 #BlokkeerDeBlauweVinkjes-campagne: Mike Pearl, “Twitter Gives dril a Spite Checkmark,” Mashable, 22 april 2023, https://mashable.com/article/twitter-verifies-dril-mashable-block-the-blue.

285 waar andere gebruikers op neerkeken: Casey Newton, “Twitter’s Badge of Dishonor,” Platformer, 24 april 2023, https://www.platformer.news/twitters-badge-of-dishonor/.

285 ‘mijn blauwe vinkje weghalen’: Bobby Allyn, Twitter post, 20 april 2023, twitter.com/BobbyAllyn/status/1649208070499872769.

286 ‘Net voor de zuivering’: Travis Brown, Twitter post, 21 april 2023, twitter.com/travisbrown/status/1649433999914270722.

288 ‘We willen gebruikers’: Alex Heath, “Twitter Is Making Dms Encrypted and Adding Video, Voice Chat, per Elon Musk,” The Verge, 21 november 2022, https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/21/23472174/twitter-dms-encrypted-elon-musk-voice-video-calling.

289 ‘die mensen daar zijn badass’: Matthew Garrett, Twitter post, 15 mei 2023, twitter.com/mjg59/status/1658280059814432768.

289 ‘Probeer het, maar vertrouw het nog niet’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 11 mei 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1656570790039678976.

289 ‘Twittermensen, serieus’: Gael Fashingbauer Cooper, “Twitter Now Offers Encrypted DMs, but Not Everyone Can Send Them,” CNET, 11 mei 2023. https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/twitter-now-offers-encrypted-dms-but-not-everyone-can-send-them/.

291 annuleerde de streaminggigant de Turkse Netflix-serie: Alex Weprin, “Netflix Removed Titles in Turkey, Singapore Last Year Over Government Demands,” The Hollywood Reporter, 30 maart 2021, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/netflix-removed-titles-in-turkey-singapore-last-year-over-government-demands-4158530/.

291 ontving Twitter 550 verzoeken: “everything/ 2023/ twitter- lumen/ lumenrestofworld- projectdata.csv,” GitHub, n.d., github.com/rowengineering/everything/blob/main/2023/twitter-lumen/lumenrestofworldprojectdata.csv.

291 meldde Rest of World: Russel Brandom, “Twitter is Complying with More Government Demands under Elon Musk,” Rest of World, 27 april 2023, https://restofworld.org/2023/elon-musk-twitter-government-orders/.

291 gehoorzaamde het bedrijf een gerechtelijk bevel Chandni Shah, “Twitter Blocks Pakistan Govt’s Account for Viewing in India— Notice,” Reuters, 29 maart 2023, reuters.com/world/asia- pacific/twitterblockspakistangovtsaccountviewingindia-notice20230329.

292 getroffen accounts waren: “Twitter Succumbs to Erdoğan’s Pressure, Silences Key Voices in Turkey on Election Eve,” Turkish Minute, 13 mei 2023, turkishminute.com/2023/05/13/twitter-succumbstoerdoganpressure-silenceskeyvoicesinturkeyonelectioneve.

292 ‘De Turkse regering’: Matt Yglesias, Twitter post, 13 mei 2023, web.archive.org/web/20230513210815/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/165742240175425946.

292 ‘De keuze is’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 13 mei 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1657422401754259461.

292 ‘Wat Wikipedia deed’: Jimmy Wales, Twitter post, 13 mei 2023, twitter.com/jimmy_wales/status/1657494022741426180.

293 onderzoek instelde naar de privacypraktijken van Twitter: Brian Fung, “FTC Says It’s Conducting an Investigation into Twitter’s Privacy Practices,” CNN, 8 maart 2023, cnn.com/2023/03/08/tech/ftc-twitterprivacyinvestigation/index.html.

293 ‘met privacy of informatiebeveiliging’: “The Weaponization of the Federal Trade Commission: An Agency’s Overreach to Harass Elon Musk’s Twitter,” Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government, 7 maart 2023, judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evomediadocument/Weaponization_ Select_ Subcommittee_ Report_ on_ FTC_ Harrassment_ of_Twitter_ 3.7.2023.pdf.

294 ‘De rechtbank mag de FTC’: United States of America v. Twitter, Inc., X Corp.’s Motion for Protective Order & Relief from Consent Order, United States District Court Northern District of California, 17 augustus 2023, washingtonpost.com/documents/184d9a3d-5aa54266a50131bb138a6e39.pdf.

294 Republikeinen in het Huis van Afgevaardigden sprongen in de bres: Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Subcommittee on the Weaponization of the Federal Government, US House of Representatives, “The Weaponization of the Federal Trade Commission: An Agency’s Overreach to Harass Elon Musk’s Twitter,” 7 maart 2023, judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicansjudiciary.house.gov/files/evomedia- document/Weaponization_ Select_ Subcommittee_ Report_ on_ FTC_ Harrassment_ of_ Twitter_ 3.7.2023.pdf.

295 ‘zo snel werd geïmplementeerd’: United States of America v. Twitter, Inc., Opposition to X Corp.’s Motion for Protective Order & Relief from Consent Order, United States District Court Northern District of California, 11 september 2023.

295 hadden werknemers daar geen tijd voor: Twitter, Inc., Opposition to X Corp.’s Motion for Protective Order & Relief from Consent Order, United States District Court Northern District of California, 11 september 2023.

295 ‘In feite waren de verplaatste servers’: Twitter, Inc., Opposition to X Corp.’s Motion for Protective Order & Relief from Consent Order, United States District Court Northern District of California, 11 september 2023.

296 ‘om intiemere gesprekken te hebben’: Twitter Blog post, “Introducing Twitter Circle, a New Way to Tweet to a Smaller Crowd,” 30 augustus 2022, https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/product/2022/introducing-twitter-circle-new-way-tweet-smaller-crowd.

296 Nu verschenen die gesprekken: Casey Newton, “Elon’s War on Substack,” Platformer, 10 april 2023, https://www.platformer.news/elons-war-on-substack/.

296 ‘Een Twitter-gebruiker die ik zelfs niet volg’: Theo— t3.gg, Twitter profile, twitter.com/t3dotgg/status/1644641624050520065.

297 een voorwaarde van de schikkingsovereenkomst: Martin Pengelly, “Tucker Carlson Claims in Book Fox News Firing Was Part of $787.5M Settlement,” The Guardian, 26 juli 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/jul/26/tucker-carlson-fox-news-firing-condition-dominion-settlement.

297 ‘Twitter volgt in wezen’: Charlie Warzel, “Twitter Is a Far- Right Social Network,” The Atlantic, 23 mei 2023, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/05/elon-musk-ron-desantis-2024-twitter/674149/.

297 een “niet-te-cancelen” vrijheid-van-meningsuiting-alternatief: Todd Spangler, “Parler Shut Down by New Owner: ‘A Twitter Clone’ for Conservatives Is Not a ‘Viable Business,’ ” Variety, 14 april 2023, https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/parler-shut-down-new-owner-starboard-twitter-clone-conservatives-1235583709/.

298 ‘Verbazingwekkend genoeg’: Tucker Carlson, Twitter post, 9 mei 2023, twitter.com/TuckerCarlson/status/1656037032538390530.

298 ‘Op dit platform’ : Elon Musk, Twitter post, 9 mei 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1656079504778092544.

298 een oudgediende bij Musks bedrijven: David Sacks: Theodore Schliefer, “DeSantis- Sacks 24,” Puck, 23 mei 2023, puck.news/desantis-sacks24.

299 luisterden slechts ongeveer 300.000 gebruikers mee: Ryan Mac and Tiffany Hsu, “DeSantis’s Twitter Event Falls Short of the Reach of Past Livestreams,” The New York Times, 25 mei 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/technology/ron-desantis-twitter-spaces-live-stream.html.

299 Generra Peck, de campagnemanager: Generra Peck, Twitter post, 24 mei 2023, twitter.com/GenerraPeck/status/1661524540416045058.

300 inclusief het internet en de commerciële media: Josh Christenson and Jesse O’Neill, “DeSantis Camp Hawks ‘Breaks Systems’ Merch after Glitchy Presidential Announcement,” New York Post, 25 mei 2023, https://nypost.com/2023/05/25/desantis-camp-hawks-breaks-systems-merch-after-glitches/.

301 ‘Tech-giganten zoals @youtube’: Jeremy Boreing, Twitter post, 19 april 2023, 3:39 p.m., twitter.com/JeremyDBoreing/status/1648773273583230982.

302 ‘een zo alledaags en gemakkelijk te begrijpen woord’: “What Is a Woman,” Matt’s Movie Reviews, n.d., https://mattsmoviereviews.net/movie-critic-reviews/what-is-a-woman.html.

302 ‘een film die preekt voor eigen parochie’: Jessie Gender, “Debunking Matt Walsh’s ‘What Is a Woman’?,” YouTube, youtube.com/watch?v=75bbNdlX2pA& ab_ channel= JessieGender.

302 In een uitgebreide Twitter-draad: Jeremy Boreing, Twitter post, 1 juni 2023, twitter.com/JeremyDBoreing/status/1664255321630552065.

302 Aanvankelijk reageerde Twitter enthousiast: Jeremy Boreing, Twitter post, 1 juni 2023, twitter.com/JeremyDBoreing/status/1664255321630552065? lang= en.

303 ‘deadnamen van transgender personen’: GLAAD Press, “GLAAD Responds to Twitter’s Roll- Back of LongStanding LGBTQ Hate Speech Policy,” GLAAD, 18 april 2023, https://glaad.org/releases/glaad-responds-twitters-roll-back-long-standing-lgbtq-hate-speech-policy/.

303 ‘Mijn team werd hierover niet ingelicht’: Ella Irwin, Twitter post, 19 april 2023, twitter.com/ellagirwin/status/1648733338847281156.

303 dat het de regel had verwijderd: Jeremy Boreing, Twitter post, 1 juni 2023, twitter.com/JeremyDBoreing/status/1664255330711228417.

304 ‘Natuurlijk is zeggen’: Jeremy Boreing, Twitter post, 1 juni 2023, twitter.com/JeremyDBoreing/status/1664255333882032128.

304 ‘@elonmusk is niets verplicht’: Jeremy Boreing, Twitter post, 1 juni 2023, twitter.com/JeremyDBoreing/status/1664255337296191490.

304 ‘Zal Twitter zijn dreigement’: Jeremy Boreing, Twitter post, 1 juni 2023, twitter.com/JeremyDBoreing/status/1664255339309531139.

304 ‘Dit was een fout’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 1 juni 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1664324213023424531.

304 het aantal mensen dat de tweet had gezien: Daniel Chaitin, “ ‘What Is A Woman?’ Blows Past 170 Million Views on Twitter,” The Daily Wire, 5 juni 2023, https://www.dailywire.com/news/what-is-a-woman-blows-past-170-million-views-on-twitter.

304 ‘Elke ouder moet dit zien’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 2 juni 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1664609193230204929.

305 mogelijke overtreding van het verbod op discriminerende uitlatingen: Greg Wehner, “Spotify CEO Question About Aliens Prompts Supreme Court Callback from Elon Musk: ‘What Is a Woman?,’ ” Fox Business, 29 mei 2023, https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/spotify-ceo-question-aliens-prompts-supreme-court-callback-elon-musk-woman.

305 ‘Een aantal mensen heeft’: Ella Irwin, Twitter post, 2 juni 2023, twitter.com/ellagirwin/status/1664783096355381248.

305 ‘Geintje mensen’: Ella Irwin, Twitter post, 2 juni 2023, twitter.com/ellagirwin/status/1664785100767395841.

306 ‘Word wakker tesla’: Phil Rosen, “This Investor Holds $74 Million in Tesla Stock. Here’s Why He’s Bullish on the Future of Elon Musk’s Ev Company,” Business Insider, 20 mei 2023, https://www.businessinsider.nl/this-investor-holds-74-million-in-tesla-stock-heres-why-hes-bullish-on-the-future-of-elon-musks-ev-company/.

306 deed Musk een peiling onder zijn Twitter-volgers: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 18 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1604617643973124097.

306 Een opvallende uitzondering was Robert F. Kennedy Jr: Twitter post, 18 december 2022, twitter.com/RobertKennedyJr/status/1604665200044646401.

307 slechts 535.000 maandelijkse Blue-abonnees: Angelique Chen, “Snap Reaches 1 mln Premium Subscribers in Bid for New Revenue,” Reuters, 15 august 2022, reuters.com/technology/snap-reaches1mlnpremiumsubscribersbidnewrevenue-20220815/.

308 De Starshipraket: Marina Koren, “The Messy Reality of Elon Musk’s Space City,” The Atlantic, 27 april 2023, https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2023/04/spacex-starship-explosion-dust-debris-texas/673881/.

308 ‘Blij om aan te kondigen’: Hannah Murphy, “Why Linda Yaccarino Took on the Wildest Job in Silicon Valley,” Financial Times, 27 september 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/18508c6f-c5f7-4e40-ad6f-ad46476d17bf.

308 ‘voorzichtig optimistisch’ about Yaccarino: Hannah Murphy and Daniel Thomas, “Twitter No Longer ‘High Risk’ After New Chief Hired, Says Top Ad Group,” Financial Times, 19 mei 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/1412d474-bd47-40be-a0a8-7f349b10e997.

309 voor clouddiensten: Ryan Mac, Tiffany Hsu, and Benjamin Mullin, “Twitter’s New Chief Eases Into the Hot Seat,” The New York Times, 29 juni 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/29/technology/twitter-ceo-linda-yaccarino.html.

311 advertentie- inkomsten met makers zou gaan delen: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 3 februari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1621544497388875777.

311 Gigi Hadid verwijderde: Alyssa Bailey, “Gigi Hadid Quit Twitter After Elon Musk’s Takeover: ‘It’s Becoming More and More of a Cesspool of Hate,’ ” Elle, 7 november 2022, https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a41885940/why-gigi-hadid-quit-twitter/.

311 ‘voor altijd’ klaar: Wolfgang Ruth, “Every Celebrity Who Has Left the Bird App,” Vulture, 19 december 2022, https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/celebrities-who-left-deactivated-twitter-elon-musk.html.

311 Elton John stopte met posten: Elton John, Twitter post, 9 december 2022, twitter.com/eltonofficial/status/1601200277276659712.

312 Andrew Tate, een extreemrechtse influencer: Beatrice Nolan, “Self- proclaimed Misogynist Andrew Tate Says He Was Paid $20,000 Under Elon Musk’s Content- Creator Plan,” Business Insider, 14 juli 2023, https://www.businessinsider.com/andrew-tate-elon-musk-twitter-paid-content-creator-plan-2023-7?international=true&r=US&IR=T.

313 ‘uitgekozen Twitter-accounts’: Catturd, Twitter post, 17 juli 2023, twitter.com/catturd2/status/1680960011210481664.

314 ‘Dataschrapen was een bekend probleem’: Ivan Mehta, “X Updates Its Terms to Ban Crawling and Scraping,” TechCrunch, 8 september 2023, https://techcrunch.com/2023/09/08/x-updates-its-terms-to-ban-crawling-and-scraping/.

315 ‘Het gevaar van AI trainen’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 16 december 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1603836383885332480.

315 ‘om Twitter.com te crawlen’: Jay Peters, “Tweets Aren’t Showing Up in Google Results as Often Because of Changes at Twitter,” The Verge, 3 juli 2023, https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/3/23783153/google-twitter-tweets-changes-rate-limits.

316 Rate limiting is een strategie: “What Is Rate Limiting? Rate Limiting and Bots,” Cloudflare, cloudflare.com/learning/bots/what‑isratelimiting.

317 ‘Dit is echt zwaar kut’: roon, Twitter post, 1 juli 2023, twitter.com/tszzl/status/1675212008025890817.

317 ‘Musk heeft de waarde’: Mark S. Zaid, Twitter post, 2 juli 2023, twitter.com/MarkSZaidEsq/status/1675621440190595072.

317 ‘Hoogmoed + geen weerwoord’: Esther Crawford, Twitter post, 1 juli 2023, twitter.com/esthercrawford/status/1675235246365880321.

318 ‘De reden dat ik’: Elon Musk (Parody), Twitter post, 1 juli 2023, twitter.com/ElonMuskAOC/status/1675268446089773056.

318 ‘effecten op reclame: “Updates on Twitter’s Rate Limits,” Business, Product Updates, n.d., business.twitter.com/en/blog/update‑ontwitterslimitedusage.html.

319 genaamd xai: Lora Kolodny, “Elon Musk Plans Tesla and Twitter Collaborations with xAI, His New Startup,” CNBC, 14 juli 2023, cnbc.com/2023/07/14/elon- muskplansteslatwittercollaborationswithxai.html.

319 ‘Ik denk dat onze AI’: Kolodny, “Elon Musk Plans Tesla and Twitter Collaborations with xAI, His New Startup.”

319 ‘Het doel van xAI’: “Understand the Universe,” Announcing XAI, 12 juli 2023, x.ai.

320 ‘Mijn visie is dat’: Alex Heath, “Linda Yaccarino Set Up to Fail,” The Verge, 29 september 2023, theverge.com/ 2023/ 9/ 29/ 23896248/ linda- yaccarinoxtwitter- setuptofailcommandline.

321 ‘Het is allemaal bergafwaarts gegaan’: Ashley Capoot, “Jack Dorsey Criticizes Elon Musk’s Leadership at Twitter: ‘It All Went South,’ ” CNBC, 29 april 2023, https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/29/jack-dorsey-criticizes-elon-musks-leadership-at-twitter-it-all-went-south.html.

321 Musk het onmogelijk gemaakt had: Jay Peters, “X Seemed to Throttle Some Competitors and News Sites for More Than a Week,” The Verge, 15 august 2023, https://www.theverge.com/2023/8/15/23833314/x-twitter-throttling-traffic-competitors-news-sites-elon-musk.

321 hij sindsdien is blijven tweeten: Mitchell Clark, “One of Elon’s Handpicked ‘Twitter Files’ Writers Quits Twitter over Its Substack Restrictions,” The Verge, 6 juli 2023, https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/7/23674705/twitter-files-elon-musk-substack-matt-taibbi.

322 ‘Het gaat niet alleen om openheid en inspraak’: Casey Newton, host, Hard Fork, “Special Episode: Meta’s Twitter Rival Arrives, with Adam Mosseri,” The New York Times, 6 juli 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/06/podcasts/special-episode-metas-twitter-rival-arrives-with-adam-mosseri.html.

322 Meta besloot ervoor te gaan, Casey Newton, “Meta Unspools Threads,” Platformer, 5 juli 2023, https://www.platformer.news/meta-unspools-threads/.

322 ‘met het specifieke doel dat ze Twitters handelsgeheimen’: Aaron Katersky, “Twitter Sends Meta Cease- andDesist Letter Over New Threads App: Sources,” ABC News, 7 juli 2023, abcnews.go.com/Business/twitter-sendsmetaceasedesist-letter-newthreads.

322 ‘Concurrentie is prima’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 6 juli 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1677042708756439041.

323 ‘In het engineeringteam van Threads’: Max Tani, “Twitter Is Threatening to Sue Meta over Threads,” Semafor, 6 juli 2023, https://www.semafor.com/article/07/06/2023/twitter-is-threatening-to-sue-meta-over-threads.

323 De lancering verergerde een bittere rivaliteit: Tim Higgins and Deepa Seetharaman, “Behind the Musk- Zuckerberg ‘Cage Match’ Is a Yearslong Billionaire Feud,” The Wall Street Journal, 23 juni 2023, https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg-cage-fight-b71fa4ff.

323 een foto van zichzelf: Zuck, Instagram post, 29 mei 2023, instagram.com/p/Cs1pltwPx1a.

323 ‘een camouflagejas dragend’: Joseph Bernstein, “Mark Zuckerberg Would Like You to Know About His Workouts,” The New York Times, 2 juni 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/02/style/mark-zuckerberg-workout.html.

323 ‘Ik ben klaar voor een kooigevecht’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 20 juni 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1671364992665264131.

323 ‘Stuur me de locatie’: Christopher Brito, “Mark Zuckerberg Agrees to Fight Elon Musk in Cage Match: “Send Me Location,” CBS News, 22 juni 2023, cbsnews.com/ news/ mark- zuckerbergelon- musk- fight.

324 ‘Zuck is een cuck’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 9 juli 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1678098028849143809.

324 ‘een letterlijke piemelmeetwedstrijd’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 9 juli 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1678222776908275712.

324 ‘Zorgwekkend’: Mark Zuckerburg, Threads post, 9 juli 2023, threads.net/@zuck/post/Cudy3UXOiKT.

324 ‘Als Elon ooit serieus wordt’: Julianne McShane, “Zuckerberg Dismisses Musk for Avoiding Cage Fight: ‘It’s time to move on’ ” NBC News, 13 april 2023, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/social-media/zuckerberg-dismisses-musk-avoiding-cage-fight-s-time-move-rcna99676.

324 ‘inzetten op die verticale markten’: mosseri, Threads post, 7 juli 2023, threads.net/@mosseri/post/CuZ3LjhNl0m.

325 ‘We zeggen het Twitter-merk [s]nel vaarwel’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 23 juli 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1682964919325724673.

325 ‘Ik heb nooit vrede gehad’: JP Maheu, Twitter post, 23 juli 2023, twitter.com/jpmaheu/status/1683149745362030592.

326 “eXposure,” “eXult,” en “s3Xy”: Ryan Ma and Tiffany Hsu, “From Twitter to X: Elon Musk Begins Erasing an Iconic Internet Brand,” The New York Times, 24 juli 2023, nytimes.com/2023/07/24/technology/ twitter‑xelonmusk.html.

326 De stad diende: “Complaint Data Sheet,” City and County of San Francisco, 28 juli – 7 augustus 2023, dbiweb02.sfgov.org/dbipts/Default2.aspxpage=AddressComplaint&ComplaintNo=202311248.

326 keurde Apple de naamsverandering van Twitter: Ivan Mehta, “Apple Greenlights, Twitter’s Rebrand to X,” TechCrunch, 31 juli 2023, techcrunch.com/2023/07/31/apple-greenlightstwitterappsrebrandtox.

326 ‘wat kocht-ie toentertijd nou eigenlijk?’: Matt Levine, “The APEs Can Be Saved,” Bloomberg.com, 24 juli 2023, bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023‑0724/theapescanbe‑saved.

326 ‘X is de toekomst’: Linda Yaccarino, Twitter post, 23 juli 2023, twitter.com/lindayaX/status/1683213895463215104.

329 ‘Ik wou dat ik bezorgder was geweest.’: The Verge, “Yoel Roth Warns New X CEO about Elon and Company Status [FULL INTERVIEW],” YouTube, youtube.com/watchv=M9XoUUYeZD8.

329 ‘Er is een nieuw tijdperk aangebroken bij X’: Chas Danner, “What X CEO Linda Yaccarino Claimed at the Code Conference,” New York, updated 28 september 2023, https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2023/09/what-x-ceo-linda-yaccarino-claimed-at-the-code-conference.html.

330 ‘De originele super-app’: Alex Heath, “Linda Yaccarino Set Up to Fail,” The Verge, 29 september 2023, https://www.theverge.com/2023/9/29/23896248/linda-yaccarino-x-twitter-set-up-to-fail-command-line.

331 Tegen maandagochtend: Isabel Kershner, Aaron Boxerman, and Hiba Yazbek, “Israel Orders ‘Complete Siege’ of Gaza and Hamas Threatens to Kill Hostages,” The New York Times, 9 oktober 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/09/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-siege-hamas.html.

331 werd X overspoeld met desinformatie: David Gilbert, “The Israel- Hamas War Is Drowning X in Disinformation,” Wired, 9 oktober 2023, https://www.wired.com/story/x-israel-hamas-war-disinformation/.

331 met eerdere campagnes in Iran: Moderated Content, “MC Weekly Update 10/ 9: Social Media During War,” Stanford Law School Podcasts, 10 oktober 2023, https://law.stanford.edu/podcasts/mc-weekly-update-10-9-social-media-during-war/.

331 nadat hij al elf miljoen keer was bekeken: Joseph Menn, “As False War Information Spreads on X, Musk Promotes Unvetted Accounts,” The Washington Post, 8 oktober 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/08/israel-hamas-disinfo-musk-twitter-x/.

332 ‘gepromoot als zijn voorkeursmethode voor het controleren van nieuws’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 21 februari 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1628175431315644419.

332 ‘Dit is een oude video en komt niet uit Israël’: David Gilbert “A Graphic Hamas Video Donald Trump Jr. Shared on X Is Actually Real, Research Confirms,” Wired, 11 oktober 2023, https://www.wired.com/story/x-community-notes-failures/.

332 snel ontvouwende wereldwijde crisis: Ben Goggin “Inside X’s Community Notes, Fact- Checks on Known Misinformation Are Delayed for Days,” NBC News, 10 oktober 2023, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/misinformation/elon-musk-x-fact-check-israel-misinformation-rcna119658.

332 Europese regelgevers een onderzoek naar X: European Commision, “The Commission Sends Request for Information to X under the Digital Services Act,” 12 oktober 2023, ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_23_4953.

332 ‘We zijn niet tegen nieuws’ : Sarah Perez, “Instagram Head Says Threads Is ‘Not Going to Amplify News on the Platform,’ ” TechCrunch, 11 oktober 2023, https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/11/instagram-head-says-threads-is-not-going-to-amplify-news-on-the-platform/.

336 ‘die nog steeds op hun ontslagvergoeding wachtten’: Matt Binder, “Elon Musk’s X Finally Agrees to Settlement Talks with Unpaid Laid- Off Twitter Employees,” Mashable, 14 september 2023, https://mashable.com/article/twitter-x-elon-musk-laid-off-employees-severance-negotiations.

336 Parag Agrawal, Ned Segal en Vijaya Gadde hebben X met succes aangeklaagd: Jef Feeley, “Twitter Execs Win $1.1 Million in Legal Fees From Musk’s X,” Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-03/ex-twitter-executives-win-1-1-million-legal-fees-from-musk-s-x.

336 nog meer dan 100 miljoen dollar krijgen: Theo Francis, “Twitter Executives in Line for $100 Million Payout After Elon Musk Fired Them,” The Wall Street Journal, 28 oktober 2022, https://www.wsj.com/articles/twitter-executives-in-line-for-100-million-payout-after-elon-musk-firing-11666971500.

337 om zich bezig te houden met collectieve actie: Josh Eidelson, “Elon Musk’s X Illegally Fired Worker Over Protest Tweet, US Labor Board Alleges,” Bloomberg, 13 oktober 2023, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-13/elon-musk-s-x-twitter-illegally-fired-worker-over-protest-tweet-nlrb-alleges.

338 ‘De cartoonkronieken van Twitters versnelde aftakeling’: Manu Cornet, Twitter post, 11 oktober 2023, twitter.com/lmanul/status/1712129939380801800.

338 ‘zonder wiens kinderachtige streken’: Manu Cornet, Twitter post, 12 augustus 2023, twitter.com/lmanul/status/1693804917729722535.

339 ‘Actievoeren is nu belangrijk voor me’: Manu Cornet, “ ‘I Thought I’d Been Hacked. It Turned Out I’d Been Fired’: Tales of a Twitter Engineer,” The Economist, 2 december 2022, static.ma.nu/about/aboutme/2022‑1202_economist.png.

339 ‘Ik verzamelde 100 miljoen’: Manu Cornet, Twittoons, 17 juli 2023, twittoons.com/73.

343 In november 2022 deelde Musk: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 21 november 2022, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1594865247323660290.

343 Diezelfde maand was het wereldwijde gebruik van X: Sarah Perez, “One Year Post- Acquisition, X Traffic and Monthly Active Users Are in Decline, Report Claims,” TechCrunch, 17 oktober 2023, https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/17/one-year-post-acquisition-x-traffic-and-monthly-active-users-are-in-decline-report-claims/.

344 De maandelijkse advertentie-inkomsten: Sheila Dang, “US Ad Revenue at Elon Musk’s X Declined Each Month Since Takeover- Data,” Reuters, 4 oktober 2023, https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-ad-revenue-musks-x-declined-each-month-since-takeover-data-2023-10-04/.

344 ‘is het bedrijf al uit de rode cijfers’: Aisha Counts, “X to Test Three Tiers of Service in Latest Musk Overhaul,” Bloomberg, 5 oktober 2023, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-05/x-tells-bankers-that-advertisers-are-back-but-spending-less.

344 ‘1000x moeilijker’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 17 oktober 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1714437136575807979.

344 ‘Sinds de overname probeert de @ADL’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 4 september 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1698754179148214495.

345 ‘Als ze de lasterzaak verliezen’: Elon Musk, Twitter post, 4 september 2023, twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1698757795259060562.

345 Er was nu meer discriminatie op de site dan ooit: Sheera Frenkel and Kate Conger, “Hate Speech’s Rise on Twitter Is Unprecedented, Researchers Find,” The New York Times, 2 december 2022, nytimes.com/2022/12/02/technology/twitter- hatespeech.html.